Woodworking tool



yJuly 12, 1938. T. L., HEDGPETH WOODWORKING TOOL Original Filed March 5, 1956 4`Sheets-Sheet 1 NKN MQN NQN S. MN NN Wh. Mb @NW ,NNN NNN 9% July 12, T. L. HEDGPETH WOODWORKING TOOL Original Filed March 5, 1936 4 sheds-sheet l2 um. mm; N2 Wm. 9W

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WOODWORKING TOOL original Filed Ma'rch 5, 1956 4 Sheets-Sheet I5 l Ulivi/emitan? '.Tezvmlmd lp July 12, 1938. `r. HEDGPETH 2,123,627

- wooDwoRKING TOOL Original Filed March V5, v1936i 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented July 12, 1938 UNITED STATESv PATENT OFFICE WOODWORKING TOOL Theron L. Hedgpeth, Oak Park, Ill., assigner to Duro Metal Products Company, Chicago, Ell., a corporation of Illinois Original application March 5, 1936, Serial No. 67,221, Patent No. 2,099,519, dated November Divided and this application July 12, 1937, Serial No. 153,132

6 Claims.

, vision of an improved jointer structure which combines the features of solidity, smoothness and accuracy in the adjustment and operation of its parts.

Another object is the provision of an improved guide or fence for jointers and an improved mode of support for the fence whereby it may be firmly and rigidly held in any of a plurality of angular positions and at different distances from the cutter.

Another object is the provision of an improved work guide for jointers or other wood working tools which is adapted to be adjusted laterally with respect to the table top, and which is provided with a parallel linkage adapted to effect a raising and lowering of the work guide and to change the angular position of the work guide,

so that the guide may be secured in any of a plurality of predetermined positions.

Another object of the invention is the provision of an improved guard arrangement for the jointer which is adapted to cover the cutter automatically when there is no work piece upon which the cutter is operating, and which is adapted to be moved away from the cutter by the advance of the work piece on the jointer table.

Another object of the invention is the provision of an improved mode of adjustment of the table tops and an improved mode of securing these table tops in adjusted position.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawings, in which similar characters of reference indicate similar parts j throughout the several views.

, end of Fig. 1;

:Fig. 4 is a fragmentary vertical sectional View, taken along the line 4-4 of Fig. 1, showing the Ydetails of support of the guide or fence;

Fig. 5 is a sectional View, taken along the line 5 5 of Fig. 3, looking in the direction of the arrows, showing the details of structure of the support for the work guide;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view, taken on the plane of the line 6--6 of Fig. 3, looking in the direction of the arrows, showing the details of lateral adjustment of the work guide;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary sectional View similar to Fig. 4, showing the parts of the work guide in another position; and

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary vertical sectional View, taken through one of the securing screws, for securing the table in any predetermined elevation.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 3, the jointer, which is indicated in its entirety by the numeral I9, preferably consists of a supporting base I I and a pair of movable table sections I2, I3, a cutting tool I4, and a guide or fence i5. The base I comprises a cast metal member which is substantially boxlike in form, having an open bottom, and comprising the four side walls I6, Il, i 8, I9 joined together.

These side walls are preferably provided with the integral feet 29 located at each corner and having bolt apertures Vfor the reception of bolts or lag screws which secure the jointer to a foundation or supporting bench or table. The top of the base member II is provided with the sloping walls 2l, 22 which support the table sections I2 and I3 for sliding movement in such manner that these table sections approach or recede from the cutter I4 and are adapted to be placed at various predetermined elevations.

For this purpose, each top wall 2|, 22 may be formed with the dove-tailed groove 23 for the reception of the downwardly projecting dovetailed guide formation 2d, which is located on the lower side of each table section.

These grooves and dovetailed formations 23, 24 slidably engage each other, and since they eX- tend diagonally upward toward the cutter from the end walls i6 and I8, the table sections are adapted to move up and down as the dove-tailed formation slides in its groove.

E'ach upper wall 2i, 22 is preferably formed with a portion of increased thickness, having the transversely and diagonally upwardly extending bore 25 for reception of the stub shaft 26, having a threaded bore 2l. This stub shaft passes through a slot 28 in the lower wall 29 of each table section and does not, therefore, interfere with the sliding section of the table section.

Each table section is preferably formed with an upper flat surface 39, a lower horizontally extending wall 3l which curves downwardly to meet the diagonal bottom wall 29, a at end wall section 32, and a curved end wall section 33. The side wall portions 34 complete the hollow table sections, all of these parts preferably being integral and formed with cast metal.

The curved wall 3| may be provided with a por tion of increased thickness about a bore 35 which extends with its axis substantially parallel to the direction of the dove-tailed groove and formation 23 and 24. This bore receives a shaft 36, having a crank 31 at its outer end and having a thrust collar 38 just inside the wall 3I.

The threaded end 39 of shaft 36 is threaded into the bore 21 in stub shaft 26, and by rotating the shaft 36 with crank 31 the table section I2 may be caused to progress in either direction slidably with respect to the base II so as to raise or lower the table section.

The right table section is preferably provided with scale 4I), which may comprise a small metal plate having printed thereon scale divisions to indicate the depth of cut and suitable indicia, such as 0, M3, 1A, 1/2.

The base I I is also preferably provided with a small sheet metal pointer 4I secured thereto by a screw bolt and having its point disposed above the scale 40. Since the scale 40 is disposed diagonally with respect to a vertical line, it indicates the vertical adjustment of this table section I3 on a larger scale and permits a more accurate adjustment than any vertical scale.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 9, each table section is preferably provided with means for clamping the table section in predetermined position with re- Spect to the base, which may comprise a screw member 42, which is threaded into a bore 43 in the front wall I1 of the base, and is provided with a knurled head 44. The end of the screw bolt 42 is adapted to engage a flat metal strip 45, which is located between the wall of the groove 23 and the dove-tailed formation 24, suitable clearance being provided.

The metal strip 45 is held in place by a plurality of set screws 46, which have their rounded ends engaging in rounded sockets in the strip 45, the screws being so adjusted in their bores in the front wall I1 that they hold the strip 45 in its position without clamping the dove-tailed formation 24. The clamping screw 42, however, is adapted to force the strip 45 against the dovetailed formation 24, clamping this formation against the opposite side of groove 23 and securing the table section in any predetermined position.

Lock nuts 41 on set screws 46 hold these set screws in adjusted position. Each table section preferably has its end wall 32 provided with laterally projecting lugs 48, which have horizontally extending bores 49. The two lugs 48 at each end of the table have their bores 49 parallel to each other, and are adapted to slidably receive the extension shafts 50-53. The table extensions each comprises a pair of shafts 50, I, or 52, 53, the shafts being slidably engaged in the bores 49 and having their outer ends secured together by a transverse extension frame member 54.

This transverse extension frame member comprises a cast metal member which is formed with a pair of laterally projecting lugs 55 suitably located to receive the ends of the shafts. The ends of the shafts are secured in 'bores 56 in these lugs by being threaded into these bores or plane of the table top. In order to adjust this position of the roller 59 accurately, the bearing brackets 51 are preferably provided with vertically extending bores 6I for receiving the set screws 62.

The bores 6I communicate with the grooves 58 so that the set screws 62 may project into the grooves 58 and engage the lower edge of the trunnions 6U. 'Ihe trunnions may have their actual bearing support on the ends of the set screws 6I, so that the rollers 59 may be adjusted so that they have their uppermost surface exactly in the plane of the table top section to which they are attached. Thus these roller ex- Y tensions are adapted to project beyond the ends 32 of the table sections and to support a work piece at a considerable distance from the tool or cutter I4. This is of particular importance where relatively slender stock is being worked,

as the stock might otherwise sag at each end,

by bending upward at the middle.

When the roller extensions are not being used, they may be pushed in close to the ends of the table sections, and they may be secured in any desired position by means of a clamping screw bolt 63', which is located in a threaded bore in the lug 49 and adapted to engage one of the shafts 50 or 5I, 52 or 53.

Referring to Fig. l, the trunnions 69 of the rollers 59 may be held in the grooves 58 by the heads of screw bolts 63, which are threaded into the threaded bores located so closely to the grooves 58 that the beveled lower surfaces of the heads of bolts 63 overhang the trunnions 60.

The adjustment of these screw bolts also permits the trunnions to be raised and lowered, since these screw bolts may be withdrawn as the set screws 62 are threaded into the bearing brackets.

One of the table sections, such as the section I2, may be provided in one of its walls, such as the rear wall, with an integral tubular formation 64 (Fig. 4) having an axially extending bore 65, which has its axis located parallel to the plane of the table and parallel to the axis of the cutter. This bore may fixedly support a stub shaft 36, which is preferably provided with a groove 61, formed with two fiat intersecting plane surfaces so as to be substantially triangular in section.

'I'he shaft 66 may be secured in bore 65 with its groove uppermost, by means of a set screw member 68, which has a non-circular socket 69 for engaging a wrench, and which is provided with a cup-shaped end 19 adapted to grip the shaft 66 and hold it securely.

The groove 61 is adapted to engage the complementary rusto-conical end 1I of a hand screw 12, having a knob 13. This hand screw is carried by a fence supporting collar 14, comprising a cast metal member formed with an upper attaching flange 15 and with a lower body portion having a bore 16 for slidably receiving the shaft 66.

A threaded bore 'I1 extends through the body 14 from the top and receives the threaded hand screw 12. The body 14 is adapted to support the attaching flange T8 of a fence supporting fixture 19. The attaching flange 18 is provided with a centrally located aperture for passing the hand screw 12 and for ro-tatably mounting this fixture 19 on the hand screw. Both the attaching flange 'I8 and the body 14 of the collar may be provided with the curved peripheries 8| and 82, and the latter may support a pointer 83 which is secured thereto' by a screw bolt 84.

'I'he peripheral surface 8| is located at a predetermined radius from the center of hand screw '|2 so that when thefixture 19 is rotated on this screw 12, the surface 8| moves adjacent the pointer83. Surface 8| may be provided with a single mark for the purpose of indicating the position of the xture when the fence is at right angles to the axis of a cutting tool, or it may be provided with any desired.- angular indicia to indicate this; and/or other positions.

y The collar body 1d has its attaching flange 15 provided with threaded bores 85 for the securing bolts 88. These bolts may be provided with washers and passthrough elongated slots 81 in the attaching flanges 18, the slots. permitting movement of the fixture 19 with respect to the attaching bolts 86 when the bolts are loosened.

As a general rule, the bolts 86 may be driven home to secure the fixture 19 in such position that the fence extends parallel tothe edges of the table sections or at right angles to the axis of the cutting tool.

The fence supporting fixture 19 has a forwardly extending body portion carried by attaching flange 18 and provided with a pair of upwardly extending bearing portions 85', 83. These bearing portions may be joined by the upwardly extending reinforcing ribs 81', and they are provided with aligned bores 88 for receiving the shaft 89. The shaft 89 is rotatably supported in bores 88, and is provided at each end with thrust collars 90, 9|, each thrust collar being secured on the shaft by an appropriate set screw. Y

The shaft also carries a radially yprojecting handle 92, which is provided with a reduced threaded end 93 that is threaded home in a threaded bore 94 in the shaft. The bearing portion 86 preferably has a curved upper surface formed at the same radius from the center of shaft 89 as thrust collar 90 so that the bearing portion 86 may support a pointer 95 adjacent a scale 96 carried by thrust collar 90.

The scale 96 is preferably provided with an-4 gular indicia and scale divisions, the indicia beginning at zero in the middle of the scale and extending in both directions from the middle, such as 0, 15, 30 and 45 degrees. 'Ihe pointer 95 may consist of a small sheet metal pointer formed with an attaching ange 91 at right angles toI the pointer and secured by a screw bolt 98 to the bearin-g portion 86'.

The pointer 95 may be turned slightly on the screw bolt 9B to effect an adjustment of the proper position for the end of the pointer, after which it may be clamped in place by the screw bolt 98.

' The fence or guide |5 preferably `comprises a cast metal member of substantially rectangular shape in elevation, provided with a flat machined forward surface 99 for engaging the work piece. It may have rearwardly projecting reinforcing rfibs |00 at its border and extending from the bottom to the top at various points throughout its length, particularly at points directly opposite the thrust collars and 9|.

The fence l5 is preferably provided with a rear beveled surface |0| at its lower edge, thereby giving it a relatively sharp lower edge |02, so that the fence may be .arranged close toy the table sections and at any desired angle, without any interference between parts of the fence and the table.

At the reinforcing ribs |00, which are opposite thrust collars 90, 9|,` it is preferably provided with rearwardly projecting bearing lugs ID3-|06. Each bearing lug is provided with a transverse bore -extending parallel to the length of the fence and adapted to' receive the pivot bolts |0`|| l0. Each pivot bolt |07| |0 is preferably provided with spring washers so that the nuts on the bolts' may resiliently clamp the anges |03|06 and assist in holding the fence inV predetermined position, after it has been adjusted.

The pivot bolts |0`|| 0 pass through the ends of a plurality of links III-H4. The opposite end of each link is provided with an aperture 5 for receiving the pivot bolts ||6| I9. The pivot bolts H8 and ||8 may consist of bolts having an enlarged trunnion portion |20 and a reduced threaded portion |2|, so that they may be threaded home in threaded bores |22 in the thrust collars 90, 9|. The pivot bolts IH and ||9 may be identical in shape and construction, except that the head is replaced by an enlarged knob |23, which may be grasped bythe hand for the purpose of screwing the bolt in tightly and clamping the upper links H2, ||4 against the thrust collars to secure the fence in predetermined position.

The thrust collars, fence and links ||l| form two parallelogram linkages, one at each end of the shaft 89, and by this means the fence or guide I5 may be supportedy above the table sections in any of a plurality of predetermined positions, as shown in Fig. 7.

In order to effect an adjustment of this fence, it is only necessary to grasp the handle 92, after loosening the clamping bolts ||9 by means of knobs |23, and the pivotal movement of shaft 89 causes acorresponding angular movement of the fence l5. When the fence is at the desired position, as indicated by the pointer 95, the knobs |23 are used to drive the bolts |9 home and clamp the linkages in that position. The base has its front wall and rear wall 9 provided with bearing supporting formations comprising the partially cylindrical sockets or bores |29, |25. Each of these sockets or bores is formed in the base during the casting operation, and each one is formed by an inwardly extending flange |26, |2'|, which has a vertically extending bore |28 for receiving the screw bolts |29, |30.

The side walls of the sockets |24, |25 are also formed with transverse threaded bores on each side of the bearing supporting members |3|, |32 for receiving set screws |33, which also assist in clamping the bearing supporting members |3i,

cutter, and which is rotatably mounted by means of a ball bearing assembly comprising the inner race |31, balls |38, and outer race |39. The outer race |39 is a frictional fit in a cylindrical bore |49 formed in the bearing supporting member I3I.

The bearing supporting member |3I comprises a substantially cylindrical metal member having the bore |46 in one side for receiving the ball bearing race |39. It is secured in place by the bolt |29 .and by set screws on each side which pass through the walls of the anges |26. It may also have a threaded bore I4! communicating with the bore |40 and closed by a screw plug |42 to provide access to the bearing for oiling.

The reduced end |36 of the shaft may also have a slight taper, if desired, for securing the race |31 in place. The shaft |35 is preferably provided with a slight enlargement adjacent the body of the cutter I4, forming the annular shoulder |43, which engages the edge of inner race |44. This shaft end is rotatably mounted in a ball bearing assembly comprising the inner race |44, balls |45, and outer race |46.

The outer race |46 may be mounted in a cylindrical socket |41 in the bearing member |32. Bearing member |32 may be secured in the bearing supporting member |32 by a pair of set screws |49 which engage in an annular groove in the bearing member |48. The bearing supporting member |32 comprises a sleeve having the cylindrical bore |56 for receiving the bearing member |48, and having the threaded bores for the' set screws |49.

'Ihe shaft |35 is preferably provided with a suitable pulley |52 for driving the cutter. The body of the cutter I4 comprises a substantially cylindical member which is formed with a plurality of grooves for the reception and to'permit the clamping of the cutter blades |53.

The grooves |54 are of sufficient size to receive the cutter blades, and they extend at a slight angle to a radial line and are equally spaced about the periphery of the cutter body. These grooves extend longitudinally of the cylindrical body and are located in a plane which is parallel to the axis of the body and shaft. The body is also preferably provided with relatively narrow slots or grooves |55, one of such slots being provided for each blade slot |54.

The slots |55 extend transversely to the blade slots |54, preferably at substantially right angles, and extend almost to the slots I 54, leaving a relatively narrow neck of material connecting the clamping portion |56 with the main body of the cutter. This gives the clamping portion |56 resilient characteristics, and it is provided in each case with a plurality of transverse bores |51 for receiving set screws |58 that clamp the blade in place.

Each blade I 53 comprises a fiat piece of suitable tool steel which has a cutting edge produced by means of a bevel |59 on the rear side of the blade. The blades are all so disposed in the cutter body I4 that their cutting edges |69 are parallel to the axis of the body and shaft and at the same radial distance from such axis. Any number of cutter blades may be used, and in the present embodiment three cutter blades have been equally spaced about the periphery of the cutter body I4.

The body is also preferably provided with a shallow partially cylindrical groove |6I, extending longitudinally of the cylindrical body in front of each blade |53 for directing shavings which come from the cutter blade edge I6|l. This curved surface tends to cause the shavings to curl away from theblade,` and helps' to effect a re-V moval of the shavings from the vicinity of the blade.

The table section I3 differs from the table section I2 also in the fact that it is preferably provided with an integral guard extension |62. This guard extension comprisesa continuation of the top of the table, which is bordered by a depending border flange |63 for reinforcement. It projects forwardly from the table section I3, and then extends longitudinally past the end of the shaft |36 into a positionl adjacent the end of table section I2. The table section I3 is also provided with a laterally projecting lug |64 having a vertically extending bore |65 for receiving a stub shaft |66 that carries a movable guard |61.

The movable guard |61 comprises a cast metal member of sufcient length and width so that its main body |68 covers the cutter opening |69 which exists between the table sections I2 and I3. It is provided with a diagonally and Vertically extending arm extending over and above the bore |65, and has a vertically extending bore |1| within which the shaft |66 is secured. Shaft |66 thus serves to mount the i guard |61 for rotation in the bore |55.

The guard |61 is also preferably provided with a depending border flange |12 for reinforcement purposes, and with a depending slide flange |13, which is located at such a radius to the shaft |66 that it can never strike the cutter I4. It slidably engages the top of table section I3.

The guard |61 also has inwardly extending lug formation |14 provided with a bore |15 for receiving a pin |16 iixedly secured therein and serving as a stop for engaging the grooved stop surface |11' formed in the edge of the table section I3. A helical spring 11 has one end hooked in a cotter pin |18 which' is secured in .a bore in the guard extension Wall |63, and the spring has its opposite end secured in a Cotter pin located in a bore in a laterally projecting lug |19 carried by guard |61.

Spring |11 thus urges the guard |61 into the position of Fig. 1, from which it may be moved by hand or by any work piece which engages the beveled work-engaging surface or wall |80 on the arm |19. The angle of this wall |80 is such, with respect to the direction of passage of work longitudinally of the tables, that a piece of lumber engaging thewall I 60 cams the guard |61 downward in Fig. l; that is, laterally with respect to the top of the table. As soon as the work has passed, the guard |61-moves back into the position of Fig. 1, covering the cutter and preventing injury. f

The stop pin |16 is intended to prevent the guard |61 from hitting the'fence I5 at this time, since the blows so struck by the guardmight otherwise change the adjustment of the fence. If desired, the depending border flange of the table section I3 may be provided with a set screw adjustably engaging the pin |16 so as to set the final position of the guard |61 in accordance with the placing of the fence I5 t0 prevent contact between the guard and fence at every adjustment of the fence.

It will thus be observed that I have invented an improved jointer having a novel guide fence arrangement which is adapted to be adjusted laterally with respect to the cutter, and which is .adapted to be adjusted and secured at any predetermined angle. The angle of the guide fence is indicated upon the` indicia provided with respect to the table top.

The present jointer also has an improved arrangement for securing the table members at any moved, and which is moved out of guarding position by the advance of the work piece on the table top. As soon as the work has passed, the work piece moves back into the guarding position, thereby covering the cutter and preventing injury.

While I have illustrated a preferred embodiment of my invention, many modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and I do not wish to be limited to the precise details of construction set forth, but desire to avail myself of all changes within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

1. In a wood working tool, the combination of avtable with a laterally projecting shaft carried by said table, said shaft having a collar slidably mounted thereon, said collar having a bore for said shaft and an attaching flange, a bearing plate carried by said attaching flange and having a pair of bearings for receiving a shaft extending transversely to said first-mentioned shaft, a work-guiding fence, and means connecting said work-guiding fence and said second-mentioned shaft whereby the fence is adjustably supported above said table, said latter means comprising a system of parallelogram links pivotally mounted on said fence vand on parts projecting radially from said shaft.

2. In a wood working tool, the combination of a table with a laterally projecting shaft carried by said table, said shaft having a collar slidably mounted thereon, said collar having a bore for said shaft and an attaching flange, a bearing plate carried by said attaching flange and having a pair of bearings for receiving a shaft extending transversely to said first-mentioned shaft, a work-guiding fence, means connecting said work-guiding fence, and said second-mentioned shaft, whereby the fence is adjustably supported above said table, said latter means comprising a system of parallelogram links pivotally mounted on said fence and on parts projecting radially from said shaft, and means for clamping said second-mentioned shaft in any of a plurality of predetermined positions.

3. In a guide for wood working tools, the combination of a supporting table with means for carrying a supporting bracket on said table, said bracket comprising a metal member provided with a supporting flange and with a pair of upwardly extending bearing lugs, a shaft rotatably mounted in said bearing lugs and provided with a handle, a pair of circular plates carried by the ends of said shaft and xedly secured thereto outside of each of said bearing lugs, and a pair of oppositely located trunnions carried by each of spaced points whereby the angular position of said work guide may be adjusted by said handle.

4. In'a guide for wood working tools, the combination of a supporting table with means for carrying a supporting bracket on said table, said bracket comprising a metal `member provided with a supporting flange and with a pair of upwardly extending bearing lugs, a shaft rotatab-ly mounted in said bearing lugs and provided with a handle, a pair of circular plates carried by the ends of said shaft and fixedly secured thereto outside of each of said bearing lugs, and a pair of oppositely located trunnions carried by each of said bearing plates and projecting substantially f parallel to said shaft, a work guide and metal links pivotally mounted on each of said trunnions and pivotally connected to said work guide atl spaced points whereby the angular position of said work guide may be adjusted by said handle, one of said trunnions being provided with a manually actuated .threaded clamping member whereby the clamping of the end of one of said links secures the work guide in any of a plurality of predetermined angular positions.

5. In a guide for wood working tools, the combination of a supporting table 'with means for carrying a supporting bracket on said table, said bracket comprising a metal member provided with a supporting ange and with a pair of upwardly extending bearing lugs, a shaft rotatably mounted in said bearing lugs and provided with a handle, a pair of circular plates carried by the ends of said shaft and iixedly secured thereto outside of each of said bearing lugs, and a pair of oppositely located trunnions carried by each of said bearing plates andprojecting substantially parallel to said shaft, a work guide and metal links pivotally mounted on each of said trunnions and pivotally connected to said work guide at spaced points whereby theangular position of said work guidev may be adjusted by said handle, one of said circular discs being provided with angular indicia, and a pointer carried by one of said bearing lugs, said supporting flange being pivotally mounted for ,rotation about a vertical axis relative to said table, and clamping means for securing said supporting flange in any lof a plurality of predetermined angular positions, and means for slidably supporting a laterally adjustable collar on a guide shaft carried by, said Atable whereby the lateral location of said guide with respect to said table may be adjusted.

6. In a wood working tool, the combination of a support with a table and means for elevating or lowering the table, a work guide, and means for supporting said work guide, comprising a pair` of parallel links pivoted to said work guide at spaced points, one of said points being above the other, the other ends of said links being pivotally carried by radially projecting members pivotally mounted upon a support pivotally mounted on said support, means for holding said work guide in predetermined angular position, the work guide resting upon said table whereby the angularity of the guide may be rst predetermined and the guide may be held and the table may be raised or lowered, raising or lowering the said guide without changing the angularity of the guide. y

THERON L. HEDGPETI-I. 

